LBCL 397 The Sciences and Society

Fall 2010


ATTENDANCE IS REQUIRED

Tuesday 11:45-13:00
Thursday 11:45-13:00

Course objectives:

To introduce students to the fundamental scientific ideas which determined the important role of science in the twentieth century. The course is designed to serve as a concise and analytical introduction to the major developments in modern science. Views on the implications of genetic research, the reliability and growth of scientific knowledge, and the interaction between the sciences and society will be also discussed.

Methodology:

Lectures and discussions will be aimed at analyzing the evolution of scientific ideas (from their known original formulation to their present status), which led to the major achievements in modern science. A number of case studies will demonstrate the power of a special method of inquiry used by the most successful thinkers - from the Eleatics and Aristotle to Galileo and to Einstein. It can be used for revealing hidden knowledge everywhere - from daily life to courts of justice and to research. Convincing and helping students to adopt the combination of creative and analytical thinking involved in this method is one of the major objectives of the science course.

Required Books:

1. Lecture notes and public domain texts will be emailed to all.
2. V. Petkov, Relativity and the Nature of Spacetime 2nd ed. (Springer-Verlag, Berlin Heidelberg 2009). We will cover five chapters and two appendices (one of which was Chap. 7 in the first edition). The library of the Liberal Arts College has two copies of the first edition of the book, which can be mostly used.

Class format mixes lectures and discussions, and it is mandatory that each text is carefully read prior to the class in which it is due.

Recommended books:

1. Andrew Ede, Lesley B. Cormack (Eds) A History of Science in Society:A Reader (Broadview Press, 2007)
2. P. Sukys, Lifting the Scientific Veil (Rowman & Littlefield, Lanham 1999).
3. R. C. Olby, G. N Cantor, J. R. R. Christie, and M. J. S. Hodge (eds), Companion to the history of modern science (Routledge, London 1996).
4. A. R. Hall (ed.), The rise of modern science (Collins, London 1962)

Some online texts will be necessary for a number of topics which we will cover; these will be announced in class. Most links to those texts are given at: Science and History and Philosophy of Science Links

Assignments and grading:

The term paper, which is necessary for the completion of this course, should demonstrate students' ability to analyze the issues they are writing on (mere descriptions should be avoided). Papers are to be submitted on the due date (as the deadline is strict do not take the risk to write your papers at the end of the semester). Late submissions will result in lowering the grade by five marks per day (including holidays and weekends). As papers are not returned you should keep copies of your work.


Make sure to read what is required for an A grade, the requirements for research papers, and information on plagiarism.


Final grades are based on the following:

Class attendance and participation...........................10%
Mid-term exam..............................................................30%
Term paper (8-10 pages; due on 2 December).........20%
Final exam.....................................................................40%

Office Hours: Thursday 14:30 - 15:30, Liberal Arts College (2040 Mackay Street), Room RR-104.



Recommended Links:

  1. Brief History of Science
  2. Introduction to the Scientific Method by Jose Wudka
  3. Eugene Wigner, The Unreasonable Effectiveness of Mathematics in the Natural Sciences ; local file
  4. Eugene Wigner, The Unreasonable Effectiveness of Mathematics in the Natural Sciences (PDF) ; local file
  5. The Unreasonable Effectiveness of Mathematics by R. W. Hamming; local file.
  6. A reply to Eugene Wigner’s paper, "The unreasonable effectiveness of mathematics in the Natural Sciences" and Hamming’s essay "The unreasonable effectiveness of mathematics"; local file.
  7. Aristotle's Works
  8. Aristotle, Physics (all books); local file
  9. Aristotle, Physics, Book VII (on motion); local file.
  10. Nicholas Copernicus, De Revolutionibus (On the Revolutions); local file.
  11. Galileo Galilei, Dialogue Concerning the Two Chief World Systems; local file.
  12. Galileo Galilei, Dialogue Concerning the Two Chief World Systems (Second Day); local file.
  13. Heraclites: Fragments
  14. Parmenides - Fragments and Commentary
  15. Fragments of the "Way of Truth" by Parmenides of Elea
  16. Parmenides - Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy
  17. Zeno of Elea - Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy
  18. Zeno's paradoxes
  19. Zeno's Paradoxes
  20. Zeno and the Paradox of Motion
  21. Aristotle, Physics (all books) - see Book VI, Parts 9 (Aristotle's solution of Zeno's paradox - time is not composed of indivisible moments); local file
  22. Aristotle, Physics, Book VI (Part 2: every magnitude is divisible into magnitudes; Part 3: the present is necessarily indivisible); local file.
  23. Aristotle, Physics (all books) - see Book IV, Parts 13 (the indivisible present 'now'); local file
  24. Aristotle, Physics, Book IV (Part 1, (1) - a body has three dimensions); local file.
  25. Aristotle, Physics (all books) - see Book IV, Parts 10 - 14 (on time); local file
  26. St. Augustine's Confessions, Book XI - On Time
  27. Euclid's Elements, Book I (Postulates); local file.
  28. Newton's Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy
  29. Newton's Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy - Definitions (absolute space and time); local file
  30. Newton's Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy - Axioms, or Laws of Motion; local file.
  31. Newton - Rules of Reasoning in Philosophy; local file.
  32. Newton's Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy - The Principles; local file
  33. Newton's bucket; local file.
  34. Albert Einstein's 1905 paper "On the Electrodynamics of Moving Bodies"
  35. A. Einstein, Does the Inertia of a Body Depend upon its Energy-Content?
  36. Albert Einstein, Relativity: The Special and General Theory
  37. Hermann Minkowski, Space and Time (Original German publication - "Raum und Zeit")
  38. Crisis, What crisis? Physics at the end of the Nineteenth Century; local file.
  39. On Einstein's 1905 Paper on Special Relativity; local file.
  40. Why we believe in Special Relativity: Experimental Support for Einstein’s Theory; local file.
  41. What is the experimental basis of Special Relativity?; local file.
  42. The Muon Experiment
  43. Five papers that shook the world.
  44. General relativity - brief history; local file.
  45. Olbers' Paradox
  46. The Expanding Universe
  47. The Big Bang
  48. Big Bang - Wikipedia
  49. Foundations of Big Bang Cosmology - NASA
  50. Economist, 100 years of Einstein - Miraculous visions; local file.
  51. Space and Time: Inertial Frames
  52. Conventionality of Simultaneity
  53. Being and Becoming in Modern Physics
  54. Henri Bergson, Time and Free Will: An essay on the Immediate Data of Consciousness
  55. Robert L. Pendleton, Time and Supervenience; local file.
  56. Robert L. Pendleton, Time and Free-Will; local file.
  57. Papers on Free Will
  58. Meaning in life without free will; local file.
  59. The Determinism and Freedom Philosophy Website
  60. Einstein's revolutionary paper - light quanta
  61. Brian Greene, One Hundred Years of Uncertainty
  62. Spontaneous Generation
  63. Charles Darwin, The Origin of Species 6th ed.
  64. Charles Darwin, The Origin of Species
  65. Charles Darwin, The Origin of Species 2
  66. Charles Darwin, The Origin of Species 3
  67. 17 Evidences Against Evolution
  68. The General Anti-Creationism FAQ
  69. 15 Answers to Creationist Nonsense; Scientific American, July 2002; by John Rennie
  70. Evolution versus Creationism
  71. Emily Valerio’s Notes on “Confirmation, Semantics, and the Interpretation of Scientific Theories” by Richard Boyd; local file.
  72. Karl Popper
  73. K Popper: Science, Pseudo-Science, and Falsifiability; local file.
  74. Popper and Kuhn on the Evolution of Science
  75. Thomas Kuhn and The Structure of Scientific Revolutions
  76. Thomas Kuhn (1962), The Structure of Scientific Revolutions
  77. Outline of the Structure of Scientific Revolutions; local file.
  78. On Kuhn - Coming to Blows Over How Valid Science Really Is; local file.
  79. "The Revolution That Didn't Happen", by Steven Weinberg (New York Review of Books, October 8, 1998
  80. "The Revolution That Didn't Happen", by Steven Weinberg; local file.


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